Retinal Tears and Detachments
The retina, the thin layer of light-sensitive tissue that lines the back of the eye, is crucial for vision. However, its delicate structure can make it vulnerable to tears, which can cause symptoms like sudden flashes of light and floaters. If left untreated, a retinal tear can progress to a retinal detachment, potentially leading to complete vision loss. A retinal detachment is considered a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment.
Retinal Tears
A retinal tear is a small break in the retinal tissue, commonly caused by posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). As we age, the vitreous fluid filling the back of the eye decreases in volume and loses its gel-like consistency, becoming more liquid. Sometimes, this sticky vitreous attaches to the retina, pulling on it as it shrinks, creating a tear.
Retinal Detachments
A retinal detachment occurs when the retina is pulled away from its normal position by the shrinking vitreous gel. If left untreated, this condition can lead to permanent vision loss. Retinal detachments are often caused by tears associated with PVD. Other types of retinal detachments, such as exudative and tractional retinal detachments, result from fluid accumulation in the retina and complications related to diabetes.
Retinal Tear and Detachment Symptoms
Flashes and floaters are the main symptoms of retinal tears and detachments. Flashes can look like spots of light in your field of vision, while floaters resemble shapes or shadows that drift across your sight. Eye flashes and floaters are a normal part of aging, and experiencing them occasionally isn't usually a cause for concern. However, if you notice a sudden increase in their frequency, it's important to consult a doctor as soon as possible, as it could be a sign of a retinal tear or impending retinal detachment.
Retinal Tear and Detachment Risk Factors
Risk factors for retinal tears and detachment include:
- Extreme nearsightedness
- Being over 50
- Lattice degeneration (thinning of the peripheral retina)
- A family history of tears or detachments
- Severe eye injuries or trauma
- Past eye surgeries
- A history of previous retinal tears or detachments
Additionally, certain conditions like diabetic retinopathy and retinoschisis can also increase risk.
Diagnosing Retinal Tears and Detachments
A retina specialist will use a combination of in-office tests and a review of the patient's symptoms to diagnose retinal tears and detachments. During a comprehensive eye exam, the specialist will examine the peripheral retina and may take photographs if needed. They may also perform an ultrasound if they can’t get a clear view of the retina.
Treating Retinal Tears and Detachments
The most common treatments for retinal tears are laser photocoagulation and cryopexy. These procedures create a seal around the tear, preventing fluid from passing underneath the retina and reducing the risk of a retinal detachment.
Treatments for retinal detachments include:
- Scleral buckle: A small silicone band is placed on the outside of the eye (the sclera), gently indenting the eye wall. This relieves traction on the retina and helps it reattach.
- Pneumatic retinopexy: In this treatment, a retina specialist injects a gas bubble into the eye. The expanding bubble gently pushes the retina back into its proper position.
- Vitrectomy: This surgical procedure involves removing the vitreous gel from the eye, making the detached retina easier to access and repair.
The long-term outlook for retinal tears and detachments depends on timely treatment, with successful surgery leading to good visual recovery.
Schedule a Consultation for Retinal Tears and Detachments Today
At Retina Consultants, PLLC, our team of experienced retina specialists can diagnose and treat a wide variety of retinal conditions, including retinal tears and detachments. Request an appointment today at one of our retina centers in Charleston, Parkersburg, Beckley, or Huntington.